all types of interaction. The results reveal significant conservatism across
the board, including both specialist and generalist species.
Jose M. Gomez, Miguel Verdu and Francisco Perfectti
doi:10.1038/nature09113
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v465/n7300/abs/nature09113.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v465/n7300/full/nature09113.html

Sequence space and the ongoing expansion of the protein
universe pp922-926
The need to maintain the structural and functional integrity of an evolving
protein limits the range of acceptable amino-acid substitutions [mdash] but
to what extent does this constrain how far homologous protein sequences can
diverge? Here, sequence divergence data are used to explore the limits of
protein evolution, and to conclude that ancient proteins are continuing to
diverge from one another, indicating that the protein sequence universe is
slowly expanding.
Inna S. Povolotskaya and Fyodor A. Kondrashov
doi:10.1038/nature09105
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v465/n7300/abs/nature09105.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v465/n7300/full/nature09105.html

Fine-tuning of pre-balanced excitation and inhibition during auditory
cortical development pp927-931
To build a representation of the auditory world, neuronal circuits in
neonatal rodents exhibit plasticity, allowing sensitivity to the pattern of
sensory inputs. At this time, neurons construct a receptive field, which
relies on a balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Here, excitation
and inhibition were found to be co-tuned upon hearing onset, but later an
adjustment in the excitatory input strength occurred. Thus a fine adjustment
in synaptic inputs, rather than more radical changes such as input pruning,
may refine mature receptive fields.
Yujiao J. Sun et al.
doi:10.1038/nature09079
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v465/n7300/abs/nature09079.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v465/n7300/full/nature09079.html

Developmental sensory experience balances cortical excitation and
inhibition pp932-936
To build a representation of the auditory world, neuronal circuits in
neonatal rodents exhibit plasticity, allowing sensitivity to the pattern of
sensory inputs. At this time, neurons construct a receptive field, which
relies on a balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Here, excitation
and inhibition were found to be co-tuned upon hearing onset, but an
experience-dependent refinement of inhibition later occurred. Thus a fine
adjustment in synaptic inputs, rather than more radical changes such as
input pruning, may refine mature receptive fields.

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