《Nature》导读（2009年4月23日出版）
时间：2009-04-27 阅读： 我要评论:
《Nature》导读（2009年4月23日出版）
[自然要览]
（选自英国Nature杂志，2009年4月23日出版）
登革热病毒的感染能力
Discovery of insect and human dengue virus host factors
登革热在南亚和东南亚、非洲及南美洲很多国家是流行病，在其他地方是一个新出现的
威胁。它是由四种登革热病毒（DENV-1、2、3和4）中的其中一种引起的， 由斑蚊传
播；目前没有得到批准的疫苗，也没有有效的特效疗法。登革热病毒是小型黄病毒，很
可能需要大量宿主因子才能传播，因此关于这些因子的知识可能会导致潜在药物作用目
标及新的媒介控制策略的发现。现在，通过对被DENV-2感染的果蝇细胞采用一种高通量
RNAi筛选方法（果蝇与病毒媒介物种相关，较易用基因组学研究工具来操控），研究人
员发现了超过100种登革热病毒宿主因子候选对象，它们当中很多在人类细胞中也充当
宿主因子。（Letter p. 1047）
Notch信号通道研究（A Notch signalling case study）
Genome-wide analysis of Notch signalling in Drosophila by transgenic RNAi
Notch通道（大多数多细胞生物中的一个普遍存在的细胞信号作用体系）是胚胎中的一
个重要调控因子，在成年个体的很多组织中仍然活跃。现在，一种采用一个转基因果蝇
库（它们对果蝇基因组中几乎每个基因都表达“RAN干涉”（RNAi）构造）进行的整个
基因组范围的分析方法，被用来研究果蝇发育中的一个形态形成事件（该事件是人们最
了解的形态形成事件之一）：对外传感器官的形成。利用RNAi筛选方法，被认为参与
Notch相互作用的基因可以采用一种具有组织特异性的方式使其失去活性。这样所获得
的数据，使得研究人员有可能将一些假设存在的功能分配给果蝇基因中大约20%的蛋白
编码基因，并且发现了参与非对称细胞分裂的6个新基因及调控Notch信号通道的23个新
基因。（Article p. 987）
小行星是怎样变红的？（How asteroids go into the red）
Solar wind as the origin of rapid reddening of asteroid surfaces
小行星看起来要比由其形成的陨石“红得多”。对此现象，已为人们接受的解释是小行
星表面的“空间风化”，尽管其中所涉及的实际过程及时间尺度一直存在争议。对两个
年轻小行星家族的光谱特征所做新的测量显示，不管空间风化是什么，它一定是一个非
常迅速的过程。Datura家族和Lucascavin家族的小行星，是在它们诞生后100万年内、
在一次灾难性碰撞中获得它们最终的红色中的大部分的。快速的时间尺度倾向于支持太
阳风注入（solar wind implantation）作为空间风化的主要机制这样一个解释，并且
说明小行星之间的颜色差异与其说是年龄的一个函数，倒不如说是它们表面组成的一个
函数。（Letter p. 993）
介电力在纳米机电系统中的应用（Feel the dielectric force）
Universal transduction scheme for nanomechanical systems based on dielectric
forces
当给一种非导体材料施加一个非均匀电场时，该材料就会受到了一个力。这种现象可在
宏观世界中看到，例如一个带静电的梳子会让从开着的水龙头流出的一股水转向。
Unterreithmeier等人利用这一现象（被称为介电力）找到一个简单、快速的方法，来
用电控制一个芯片上的微小机械元件的振动性质。他们还反向利用这一原理来探测这些
元件的运动。这种类型的纳米机电系统（简称NEMS）目前正在受到广泛研究，其应用非
常广泛，如用于传感和信号处理等，在这些应用中高效驱动与检测机制至关重要。
（Letter p. 1001）
“里德伯分子”的光谱表征（Rydberg molecules at length）
Observation of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules
在一个里德伯原子中，至少一个电子被激发到一个具有非常高的主量子数的轨道中，该
轨道将这个原子的电子壳层延伸到远远超过原子核的地方。基于由恩里科·费米1934年
提出的思想，最近的一项理论工作预测，这样一个电子从处于基态的第二个原子的散射
可能会产生有吸引力的相互作用。这样将会产生具有核间分离的、可达几千个波尔半径
的巨型分子。现在，本期Nature报告了这种超长距离“里德伯分子”的光谱表征。这种
分子（超冷铷二聚体）的光谱与模型预测非常相符。这一成果使得在不远的将来实现其
他奇异分子（如所谓的“三叶虫”分子）的前景令人期待。（Letter p. 1005 ; News
& Views）
中国的陆地碳收支平衡（China’s carbon balance）
The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in China
关于中国陆地碳收支平衡的一项综合评估研究结果的发表，填补了碳平衡数据地理分布
中的一大空白，并且还可帮助进一步减小北半球碳平衡中所存在的不确定性。研究人员
利用三个不同指标来监测上个世纪 80年代和90年代中国的碳平衡及其驱动机制，这三
个指标分别是：从卫星绿度测量结果外推的生物质和土壤碳存量、生态系统模型、以及
大气逆温。这三种方法对于净碳汇的估计结果相似，其数值在每年0.19至0.26皮克之
间。相比之下，全球陆地生态系统在上个世纪 80年代和90年代以每年1到4皮克碳的速
度在吸收碳，这种作用抵消了化石燃料排放量的10-60%。 中国东北对大气层来说是CO2
的一个净排放源，原因是森林的过度采伐和退化。相比之下，中国南方占碳汇的65%以
上，原因包括区域气候变化、植树活动和灌木恢复等。（Letter p. 1009; News &
Views）
扩散辐射增加会增强陆地碳汇（Dim view of global warming）
Impact of changes in diffuse radiation on the global land carbon sink
所接受的太阳辐射增多，一般会增加植物的光合作用，但并非所有形式的辐射都同样有
效。尤其是，野外研究表明，一定量的扩散辐射会比直接辐射导致更多的碳被固定。
Mercado等人利用HadGEM2-A大气环流模型来模拟二十世纪后期的全球变暖及由此所造成
的扩散辐射的增加对全球碳储量的影响。他们发现，扩散辐射的增加使陆地碳汇增强约
25%。矛盾的是，今后减少人为污染会减小这种扩散辐射效应，从而对全球变暖产生一
个正反馈。（Letter p. 1014）
竞争与生物多样性的关系（Competition versus biodiversity）
The architecture of mutualistic networks minimizes competition and increases
biodiversity
生态学上长期未得到回答的问题之一是：既然物种之间彼此竞争资源，为什么还会有那
么多的物种存在？生物多样性理论主要假设物种彼此之间随机发生相互作用，或者说这
些理论忽略了物种间的相互作用。然而，最近的研究工作表明，物种间的相互作用并不
是所有物种都可随便参与的，而是高度结构性的、甚至嵌套式的。Bastolla等人对植物
与动物之间的互利网络进行了研究，发现互利相互作用的“嵌套性”可减小竞争和增强
生物多样性。嵌套的网络似乎出现在很多生物和社会环境中，说明该研究的结果对于从
生物学到银行业的很多不同领域都是适用的。（Letter p. 1018
; News & Views）
鳍足类北极起源假说得到化石证据支持（Out of the Arctic）
A semi-aquatic Arctic mammalian carnivore from the Miocene epoch and origin
of Pinnipedia
海豹、海狮和海象（统称为鳍足类动物）是从陆生食肉动物演化来的，但最早的已知鳍
足类动物“海熊兽”已经有了脚蹼。现在，加拿大北极地区一个新发现的化石让我们有
机会看到鳍足类演化的一个更早阶段，它是一种像水獭一样的陆生和水生之间的过渡形
式。该化石是一个几乎完整的骨架，适应半水生生活，包括趾骨之间可能形成了蹼。这
一发现支持关于鳍足类起源于北极的假说。（Letter p. 1021）
HIV/ AIDS的预防方法值得一试（HIV/AIDS prevention）
Glycerol monolaurate prevents mucosal SIV transmission
用杀菌剂来防止HIV-1向女性传播的临床试验已被证明让人失望。现在，用“猴免疫缺
陷病毒”（SIV）（HIV感染的猕猴阴道传播模型）所做的一项研究表明，也许值得寻找
一种预防性方法。常用抗菌化合物“甘油月桂酸酯”（GML）被发现即使在反复暴露于
病毒后也能抑制SIV感染，但其作用机制让人感到吃惊：研究发现，宿主对该病毒的炎
症反应不是帮助该病毒作为攻击目标的CD4+ T细胞，而是通过吸收这些细胞来帮助感染
的进行。GML的预防作用似乎来自其阻断这一宿主反应的能力，而不是来自对该病毒的
直接效应。这表明，黏膜细胞中的细胞信号作用及先天宿主反应是以防止HIV感染为目
的的药物及疫苗的潜在作用目标，当然也是防止其他病原体感染的药物及疫苗的潜在作
用目标——如果它们采用相似感染策略的话。（Letter p. 1034）
囊状纤维瘤患者的肺病严重程度（Cystic fibroisis: susceptibility to lung
disease）
Identification of IFRD1 as a modifier gene for cystic fibrosis lung disease
囊状纤维瘤患者的肺病严重程度在不同个体之间差异很大，而且研究发现其严重程度有
相当大的遗传性，与引起原发病的CTFR（囊状纤维瘤跨膜调控因子）突变的基因型无
关。对超过300名囊状纤维瘤患者所做的基因组分析发现，嗜中性转录共调因子IFRD1是
肺病的一个遗传修饰因子，通过嗜中性效应物上的一个效应发挥作用。这一发现表明，
IFRD1是囊状纤维瘤的一个可能的药物作用目标，有潜在临床意义，因为肺病是囊状纤
维瘤患者发病和死亡的主要原因。（Letter p. 1039）
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Quantum chemistry: The little molecule that could pp975-976
The creation of diatomic molecules bound by roaming electrons that allow
a huge internuclear distance is some achievement. It opens the door to
further experimental exploitation of the principles involved.
Chris H. Greene
doi:10.1038/458975a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/458975a.html
Schizophrenia: A point of disruption pp976-977
Much is still to be learned about the molecular basis of mental
disorders. The identification of a signalling pathway that is affected
in schizophrenia, and which thus provides potential therapeutic
targets, is a welcome advance.
Christopher A. Ross and Russell L. Margolis
doi:10.1038/458976a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/458976a.html
Global change: China at the carbon crossroads pp977-979
In China, as in other nations that produce carbon dioxide from fossil
fuels on a large scale, the terrestrial biosphere mops up a proportion
of the emissions. Estimates of the amounts involved are now available.
Kevin Robert Gurney
doi:10.1038/458977a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/458977a.html
Complex systems: Cooperative network dynamics pp979-980
Nested, or hierarchically arranged, mutualisms allow ecosystems to
support more species than they otherwise would. But in this and other
contexts, the growth of such networks could carry a heavy price.
George Sugihara and Hao Ye
doi:10.1038/458979a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/458979a.html
Neuroscience: Optical control of reward pp980-981
Is it wishful thinking that the behaviour of an organism as complex
as a mouse might be controlled by modulating its intracellular
signalling with light? No: this is just what researchers have
achieved with an elegant technique.
David E. Moorman and Gary Aston-Jones
doi:10.1038/458980a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/458980a.html
Obituary: John Maddox (1925-2009) p983
John Maddox, who died on 12 April, was editor of Nature during 1966-73
and 1980-95. He transformed the journal from a collegially amateurish
publication into one that was challenging and professional in its
assessment of science and in its journalistic reportage.
Walter Gratzer
doi:10.1038/458983a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/458983a.html
A Publisher's perspective p984
Nicholas Byam Shaw
doi:10.1038/458984a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/458984a.html
Maddox by his successor pp985-986
Philip Campbell
doi:10.1038/458985a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/458985a.html
----------------------
ARTICLE
----------------------
Genome-wide analysis of Notch signalling in Drosophila by transgenic RNAi
pp987-992
Knoblich and colleagues use a library of Drosophila strains expressing
inducible hairpin RNA interference constructs to study the Notch signalling
pathway during external sensory organ development. They assign putative
loss-of-function phenotypes to 21.2% of the protein-coding Drosophila
genes, identify 6 new genes involved in asymmetric cell division and 23
novel genes regulating the Notch signalling pathway.
Jennifer L. Mummery-Widmer et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07936
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07936.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07936.html
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Solar wind as the origin of rapid reddening of asteroid surfaces
pp993-995
Asteroids are much 'redder' than meteorites (which come from asteroids);
the accepted explanation is 'space weathering', though the actual processes
and timescales involved have remained controversial. Vernazza et al. report
observations of two young asteroid families, revealing that 'space
weathering'
must be a very rapid process, which favours solar wind implantation as
the main mechanism; they further demonstrate an apparent weathering
dependence on olivine abundance.
P. Vernazza et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07956
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07956.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07956.html
Optimized dynamical decoupling in a model quantum memory pp996-1000
Quantum systems are subject to random phase errors that can dramatically
affect the fidelity of a desired quantum operation or measurement, but
existing quantum error correction techniques have large resource
requirements,
motivating a search for alternative strategies. The authors experimentally
validate the use of the dynamical decoupling technique to suppress qubit
error rates, using novel optimized pulse sequences that suppress errors by
orders of magnitude compared to other existing sequences.
Michael J. Biercuk et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07951
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07951.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07951.html
Universal transduction scheme for nanomechanical systems based on dielectric
forces pp1001-1004
When a non-uniform electric field is applied to a nonconducting material,
that material experiences a force, as in the deflection of a stream of water
by a statically charged comb. Unterreithmeier and colleagues have adapted
this phenomenon to provide a simple, speedy means of controlling the
vibrational properties of tiny mechanical elements on a chip [mdash] or,
applying the principle in reverse, of detecting the motion of these
elements.
Such nanoelectromechanical systems are potentially useful for applications
from sensing to signal processing.
Quirin P. Unterreithmeier, Eva M. Weig and Jorg P. Kotthaus
doi:10.1038/nature07932
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07932.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07932.html
Observation of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules pp1005-1008
A Rydberg atom has one electron excited into an orbital with a very high
principal quantum number. The scattering of such an electron from a second
atom in the ground state gives rise to long-range bonding, yielding giant
molecules with internuclear separations reaching several thousand Bohr
radii.
Using s-state rubidium Rydberg atoms with quantum numbers between 34 and 40,
Bendkowsky and colleagues have now spectroscopically characterized such
'Rydberg molecules', and measured their lifetimes and polarizabilities.
Vera Bendkowsky et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07945
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07945.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07945.html
The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in China pp1009-1013
This paper analyses the terrestrial carbon balance of China during the 1980s
and 1990s using biomass and soil carbon inventories extrapolated by
satellite
greenness measurements, ecosystem models and atmospheric inversions. These
three methods produce similar estimates of a net sink of 0.19-0.26 billion
tonnes of carbon per year, indicating that China absorbed 28-37 per cent of
its fossil carbon emissions over these two decades, mainly attributable to
regional climate change, large-scale plantation programmes and shrub
recovery.
Shilong Piao et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07944
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07944.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07944.html
Impact of changes in diffuse radiation on the global land carbon
sink pp1014-1017
More radiation generally increases vegetation photosynthesis, but field
studies
show that a given amount of diffuse radiation leads to more fixed carbon
than
direct radiation. Mercado and colleagues simulate the effect of late
twentieth
century increases in the diffuse radiation fraction, and find that the
terrestrial carbon sink is enhanced by about 25% [mdash]paradoxically,
reducing future anthropogenic pollution will reduce this diffuse radiation
effect, creating a positive feedback to global warming.
Lina M. Mercado et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07949
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07949.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07949.html
The architecture of mutualistic networks minimizes competition and increases
biodiversity pp1018-1020
In this paper the authors show that the 'nestedness' of mutualistic
interactions
between animals and plants acts to reduce competition and enhance the number
of species. Nested networks seem to occur in many biological and social
contexts, indicating that the results are relevant in a wide range of
fields,
from biology to banking.
Ugo Bastolla et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07950
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07950.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07950.html
A semi-aquatic Arctic mammalian carnivore from the Miocene epoch and origin
of
Pinnipedia pp1021-1024
Seals, sea lions and the walrus (collectively the pinnipeds) evolved from
land-living carnivores, but the earliest known pinniped, Enaliarctos,
already
had flippers. This paper describes a fossil from the Canadian Arctic that
represents an earlier stage in pinniped evolution, documenting the
otter-like
transition between land and water.
Natalia Rybczynski, Mary R. Dawson and Richard H. Tedford
doi:10.1038/nature07985
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07985.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07985.html
Temporally precise in vivo control of intracellular signalling pp1025-1029
Ion channels driven by light have provided electrophysiologists with
unprecedented
control over the activity state of neurons; here Deisseroth and colleagues
introduce new molecules that offer a similar level of control over
signalling
pathways to biochemists. Opsin/GPCR chimaeras were engineered, enabling the
authors to modulate G-protein activity via light, which in turn could
influence
neuronal firing; activating these molecules expressed in vivo could drive
conditioned place preference in behaving mice
Raag D. Airan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07926
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07926.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07926.html
Natural variation in a neural globin tunes oxygen sensing in wild
Caenorhabditis
elegans pp1030-1033
This study shows that the soluble guanylate cyclase GCY-35 responds to
increased
oxygen and that a neural globin, GLB-5, is involved in sensing reduced
oxygen.
The behavioural response to GLB-5 activation involves the neuropeptide
receptor
NPR-1, and both glb-5 and npr-1 show natural variation amongst different
Caenorhabditis elegans strains.
Annelie Persson et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07820
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07820.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07820.html
Glycerol monolaurate prevents mucosal SIV transmission pp1034-1038
Glycerol monolaurate in a microbicide is shown to protect monkeys from
infection
after intra-vaginal exposure to high doses of SIV. The suppressive activity
may
be due to the inhibition of target cell recruitment due to
glycerol-monolaurate-
mediated inhibition of epithelial cell signalling and inflammatory cytokine
expression.
Qingsheng Li et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07831
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07831.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07831.html
Identification of IFRD1 as a modifier gene for cystic fibrosis lung
disease
pp1039-1042
Cystic fibrosis is more severe in some individuals than in others. This
study
identifies the neutrophil transcriptional co-regulator IFRD1 as a new
genetic
modifier.
YuanYuan Gu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07811
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07811.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07811.html
Germline-encoded amino acids in the [agr][bgr] T-cell receptor control
thymic
selection pp1043-1046
In this paper the authors present evidence that T-cell receptor genes encode
inherent specificity for major histocompatibility complex molecules.
James P. Scott-Browne et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07812
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07812.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07812.html
Discovery of insect and human dengue virus host factors pp1047-1050
This report identifies host factors required for Dengue virus propagation by
using a high throughput genome-wide RNA interference screening approach in
Drosophila cells.
October M. Sessions et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07967
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07967.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07967.html
Directional Delta and Notch trafficking in Sara endosomes during asymmetric
cell
division pp1051-1055
This study provides a mechanistic basis for differential signalling of
Notch, by
showing that in fly sensory organ precursors, Notch and Delta traffic to
special
endosomes marked by the protein Sara. The asymmetric trafficking of
endosomes
containing Notch and Delta increases Notch signalling in pIIa daughter cells
and decreases it in pIIb cells.
F. Coumailleau, M. Furthauer, J. A. Knoblich and M. Gonzalez-Gaitan
doi:10.1038/nature07854
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07854.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07854.html
AMPK regulates energy expenditure by modulating NAD+ metabolism and SIRT1
activity
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is shown to transcriptionally regulate
genes
involved in controlling energy metabolism in skeletal muscle by acting
together
with the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1. AMPK enhances SIRT1 activity by
increasing cellular NAD+ levels, resulting in the deacetylation and
activation
of the SIRT1 downstream target PGC-1[alpha].
Carles Canto et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07813
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature07813.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature07813.html
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Outsourced p1066
Equal opportunities?
Shelly Li
doi:10.1038/4581066a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/4581066a.html
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
22 April 2009
Irreversibility of mitotic exit is the consequence of systems-level feedback
Sandra Lopez-Aviles, Orsolya Kapuy, Bela Novak and Frank Uhlmann
doi:10.1038/nature07984
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature07984.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature07984.html
Formyl peptide receptor-like proteins are a novel family of vomeronasal
chemosensors
Stephane Riviere et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08029
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08029.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08029.html
NAADP mobilizes calcium from acidic organelles through two-pore channels
Peter J. Calcraft et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08030
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08030.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08030.html
19 April 2009
GlcNAcylation of a histone methyltransferase in retinoic-acid-induced
granulopoiesis
Ryoji Fujiki et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07954
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature07954.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature07954.html
04 March 2009
AMPK regulates energy expenditure by modulating NAD+ metabolism and SIRT1
activity
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is shown to transcriptionally regulate
genes involved in controlling energy metabolism in skeletal muscle by acting
together with the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1. AMPK enhances SIRT1
activity by increasing cellular NAD+ levels, resulting in the deacetylation
and activation of the SIRT1 downstream target PGC-1[alpha].
Carles Canto et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07813
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature07813.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature07813.html
（选自英国Nature杂志，2009年4月23日出版）
登革热病毒的感染能力
Discovery of insect and human dengue virus host factors
登革热在南亚和东南亚、非洲及南美洲很多国家是流行病，在其他地方是一个新出现的
威胁。它是由四种登革热病毒（DENV-1、2、3和4）中的其中一种引起的， 由斑蚊传
播；目前没有得到批准的疫苗，也没有有效的特效疗法。登革热病毒是小型黄病毒，很
可能需要大量宿主因子才能传播，因此关于这些因子的知识可能会导致潜在药物作用目
标及新的媒介控制策略的发现。现在，通过对被DENV-2感染的果蝇细胞采用一种高通量
RNAi筛选方法（果蝇与病毒媒介物种相关，较易用基因组学研究工具来操控），研究人
员发现了超过100种登革热病毒宿主因子候选对象，它们当中很多在人类细胞中也充当
宿主因子。（Letter p. 1047）
Notch信号通道研究（A Notch signalling case study）
Genome-wide analysis of Notch signalling in Drosophila by transgenic RNAi
Notch通道（大多数多细胞生物中的一个普遍存在的细胞信号作用体系）是胚胎中的一
个重要调控因子，在成年个体的很多组织中仍然活跃。现在，一种采用一个转基因果蝇
库（它们对果蝇基因组中几乎每个基因都表达“RAN干涉”（RNAi）构造）进行的整个
基因组范围的分析方法，被用来研究果蝇发育中的一个形态形成事件（该事件是人们最
了解的形态形成事件之一）：对外传感器官的形成。利用RNAi筛选方法，被认为参与
Notch相互作用的基因可以采用一种具有组织特异性的方式使其失去活性。这样所获得
的数据，使得研究人员有可能将一些假设存在的功能分配给果蝇基因中大约20%的蛋白
编码基因，并且发现了参与非对称细胞分裂的6个新基因及调控Notch信号通道的23个新
基因。（Article p. 987）
小行星是怎样变红的？（How asteroids go into the red）
Solar wind as the origin of rapid reddening of asteroid surfaces
小行星看起来要比由其形成的陨石“红得多”。对此现象，已为人们接受的解释是小行
星表面的“空间风化”，尽管其中所涉及的实际过程及时间尺度一直存在争议。对两个
年轻小行星家族的光谱特征所做新的测量显示，不管空间风化是什么，它一定是一个非
常迅速的过程。Datura家族和Lucascavin家族的小行星，是在它们诞生后100万年内、
在一次灾难性碰撞中获得它们最终的红色中的大部分的。快速的时间尺度倾向于支持太
阳风注入（solar wind implantation）作为空间风化的主要机制这样一个解释，并且
说明小行星之间的颜色差异与其说是年龄的一个函数，倒不如说是它们表面组成的一个
函数。（Letter p. 993）
介电力在纳米机电系统中的应用（Feel the dielectric force）
Universal transduction scheme for nanomechanical systems based on dielectric
forces
当给一种非导体材料施加一个非均匀电场时，该材料就会受到了一个力。这种现象可在
宏观世界中看到，例如一个带静电的梳子会让从开着的水龙头流出的一股水转向。
Unterreithmeier等人利用这一现象（被称为介电力）找到一个简单、快速的方法，来
用电控制一个芯片上的微小机械元件的振动性质。他们还反向利用这一原理来探测这些
元件的运动。这种类型的纳米机电系统（简称NEMS）目前正在受到广泛研究，其应用非
常广泛，如用于传感和信号处理等，在这些应用中高效驱动与检测机制至关重要。
（Letter p. 1001）
“里德伯分子”的光谱表征（Rydberg molecules at length）
Observation of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules
在一个里德伯原子中，至少一个电子被激发到一个具有非常高的主量子数的轨道中，该
轨道将这个原子的电子壳层延伸到远远超过原子核的地方。基于由恩里科·费米1934年
提出的思想，最近的一项理论工作预测，这样一个电子从处于基态的第二个原子的散射
可能会产生有吸引力的相互作用。这样将会产生具有核间分离的、可达几千个波尔半径
的巨型分子。现在，本期Nature报告了这种超长距离“里德伯分子”的光谱表征。这种
分子（超冷铷二聚体）的光谱与模型预测非常相符。这一成果使得在不远的将来实现其
他奇异分子（如所谓的“三叶虫”分子）的前景令人期待。（Letter p. 1005 ; News
& Views）
中国的陆地碳收支平衡（China’s carbon balance）
The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in China
关于中国陆地碳收支平衡的一项综合评估研究结果的发表，填补了碳平衡数据地理分布
中的一大空白，并且还可帮助进一步减小北半球碳平衡中所存在的不确定性。研究人员
利用三个不同指标来监测上个世纪 80年代和90年代中国的碳平衡及其驱动机制，这三
个指标分别是：从卫星绿度测量结果外推的生物质和土壤碳存量、生态系统模型、以及
大气逆温。这三种方法对于净碳汇的估计结果相似，其数值在每年0.19至0.26皮克之
间。相比之下，全球陆地生态系统在上个世纪 80年代和90年代以每年1到4皮克碳的速
度在吸收碳，这种作用抵消了化石燃料排放量的10-60%。 中国东北对大气层来说是CO2
的一个净排放源，原因是森林的过度采伐和退化。相比之下，中国南方占碳汇的65%以
上，原因包括区域气候变化、植树活动和灌木恢复等。（Letter p. 1009; News &
Views）
扩散辐射增加会增强陆地碳汇（Dim view of global warming）
Impact of changes in diffuse radiation on the global land carbon sink
所接受的太阳辐射增多，一般会增加植物的光合作用，但并非所有形式的辐射都同样有
效。尤其是，野外研究表明，一定量的扩散辐射会比直接辐射导致更多的碳被固定。
Mercado等人利用HadGEM2-A大气环流模型来模拟二十世纪后期的全球变暖及由此所造成
的扩散辐射的增加对全球碳储量的影响。他们发现，扩散辐射的增加使陆地碳汇增强约
25%。矛盾的是，今后减少人为污染会减小这种扩散辐射效应，从而对全球变暖产生一
个正反馈。（Letter p. 1014）
竞争与生物多样性的关系（Competition versus biodiversity）
The architecture of mutualistic networks minimizes competition and increases
biodiversity
生态学上长期未得到回答的问题之一是：既然物种之间彼此竞争资源，为什么还会有那
么多的物种存在？生物多样性理论主要假设物种彼此之间随机发生相互作用，或者说这
些理论忽略了物种间的相互作用。然而，最近的研究工作表明，物种间的相互作用并不
是所有物种都可随便参与的，而是高度结构性的、甚至嵌套式的。Bastolla等人对植物
与动物之间的互利网络进行了研究，发现互利相互作用的“嵌套性”可减小竞争和增强
生物多样性。嵌套的网络似乎出现在很多生物和社会环境中，说明该研究的结果对于从
生物学到银行业的很多不同领域都是适用的。（Letter p. 1018
; News & Views）
鳍足类北极起源假说得到化石证据支持（Out of the Arctic）
A semi-aquatic Arctic mammalian carnivore from the Miocene epoch and origin
of Pinnipedia
海豹、海狮和海象（统称为鳍足类动物）是从陆生食肉动物演化来的，但最早的已知鳍
足类动物“海熊兽”已经有了脚蹼。现在，加拿大北极地区一个新发现的化石让我们有
机会看到鳍足类演化的一个更早阶段，它是一种像水獭一样的陆生和水生之间的过渡形
式。该化石是一个几乎完整的骨架，适应半水生生活，包括趾骨之间可能形成了蹼。这
一发现支持关于鳍足类起源于北极的假说。（Letter p. 1021）
HIV/ AIDS的预防方法值得一试（HIV/AIDS prevention）
Glycerol monolaurate prevents mucosal SIV transmission
用杀菌剂来防止HIV-1向女性传播的临床试验已被证明让人失望。现在，用“猴免疫缺
陷病毒”（SIV）（HIV感染的猕猴阴道传播模型）所做的一项研究表明，也许值得寻找
一种预防性方法。常用抗菌化合物“甘油月桂酸酯”（GML）被发现即使在反复暴露于
病毒后也能抑制SIV感染，但其作用机制让人感到吃惊：研究发现，宿主对该病毒的炎
症反应不是帮助该病毒作为攻击目标的CD4+ T细胞，而是通过吸收这些细胞来帮助感染
的进行。GML的预防作用似乎来自其阻断这一宿主反应的能力，而不是来自对该病毒的
直接效应。这表明，黏膜细胞中的细胞信号作用及先天宿主反应是以防止HIV感染为目
的的药物及疫苗的潜在作用目标，当然也是防止其他病原体感染的药物及疫苗的潜在作
用目标——如果它们采用相似感染策略的话。（Letter p. 1034）
囊状纤维瘤患者的肺病严重程度（Cystic fibroisis: susceptibility to lung
disease）
Identification of IFRD1 as a modifier gene for cystic fibrosis lung disease
囊状纤维瘤患者的肺病严重程度在不同个体之间差异很大，而且研究发现其严重程度有
相当大的遗传性，与引起原发病的CTFR（囊状纤维瘤跨膜调控因子）突变的基因型无
关。对超过300名囊状纤维瘤患者所做的基因组分析发现，嗜中性转录共调因子IFRD1是
肺病的一个遗传修饰因子，通过嗜中性效应物上的一个效应发挥作用。这一发现表明，
IFRD1是囊状纤维瘤的一个可能的药物作用目标，有潜在临床意义，因为肺病是囊状纤
维瘤患者发病和死亡的主要原因。（Letter p. 1039）
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Quantum chemistry: The little molecule that could pp975-976
The creation of diatomic molecules bound by roaming electrons that allow
a huge internuclear distance is some achievement. It opens the door to
further experimental exploitation of the principles involved.
Chris H. Greene
doi:10.1038/458975a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/458975a.html
Schizophrenia: A point of disruption pp976-977
Much is still to be learned about the molecular basis of mental
disorders. The identification of a signalling pathway that is affected
in schizophrenia, and which thus provides potential therapeutic
targets, is a welcome advance.
Christopher A. Ross and Russell L. Margolis
doi:10.1038/458976a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/458976a.html
Global change: China at the carbon crossroads pp977-979
In China, as in other nations that produce carbon dioxide from fossil
fuels on a large scale, the terrestrial biosphere mops up a proportion
of the emissions. Estimates of the amounts involved are now available.
Kevin Robert Gurney
doi:10.1038/458977a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/458977a.html
Complex systems: Cooperative network dynamics pp979-980
Nested, or hierarchically arranged, mutualisms allow ecosystems to
support more species than they otherwise would. But in this and other
contexts, the growth of such networks could carry a heavy price.
George Sugihara and Hao Ye
doi:10.1038/458979a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/458979a.html
Neuroscience: Optical control of reward pp980-981
Is it wishful thinking that the behaviour of an organism as complex
as a mouse might be controlled by modulating its intracellular
signalling with light? No: this is just what researchers have
achieved with an elegant technique.
David E. Moorman and Gary Aston-Jones
doi:10.1038/458980a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/458980a.html
Obituary: John Maddox (1925-2009) p983
John Maddox, who died on 12 April, was editor of Nature during 1966-73
and 1980-95. He transformed the journal from a collegially amateurish
publication into one that was challenging and professional in its
assessment of science and in its journalistic reportage.
Walter Gratzer
doi:10.1038/458983a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/458983a.html
A Publisher's perspective p984
Nicholas Byam Shaw
doi:10.1038/458984a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/458984a.html
Maddox by his successor pp985-986
Philip Campbell
doi:10.1038/458985a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/458985a.html
----------------------
ARTICLE
----------------------
Genome-wide analysis of Notch signalling in Drosophila by transgenic RNAi
pp987-992
Knoblich and colleagues use a library of Drosophila strains expressing
inducible hairpin RNA interference constructs to study the Notch signalling
pathway during external sensory organ development. They assign putative
loss-of-function phenotypes to 21.2% of the protein-coding Drosophila
genes, identify 6 new genes involved in asymmetric cell division and 23
novel genes regulating the Notch signalling pathway.
Jennifer L. Mummery-Widmer et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07936
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07936.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07936.html
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Solar wind as the origin of rapid reddening of asteroid surfaces
pp993-995
Asteroids are much 'redder' than meteorites (which come from asteroids);
the accepted explanation is 'space weathering', though the actual processes
and timescales involved have remained controversial. Vernazza et al. report
observations of two young asteroid families, revealing that 'space
weathering'
must be a very rapid process, which favours solar wind implantation as
the main mechanism; they further demonstrate an apparent weathering
dependence on olivine abundance.
P. Vernazza et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07956
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07956.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07956.html
Optimized dynamical decoupling in a model quantum memory pp996-1000
Quantum systems are subject to random phase errors that can dramatically
affect the fidelity of a desired quantum operation or measurement, but
existing quantum error correction techniques have large resource
requirements,
motivating a search for alternative strategies. The authors experimentally
validate the use of the dynamical decoupling technique to suppress qubit
error rates, using novel optimized pulse sequences that suppress errors by
orders of magnitude compared to other existing sequences.
Michael J. Biercuk et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07951
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07951.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07951.html
Universal transduction scheme for nanomechanical systems based on dielectric
forces pp1001-1004
When a non-uniform electric field is applied to a nonconducting material,
that material experiences a force, as in the deflection of a stream of water
by a statically charged comb. Unterreithmeier and colleagues have adapted
this phenomenon to provide a simple, speedy means of controlling the
vibrational properties of tiny mechanical elements on a chip [mdash] or,
applying the principle in reverse, of detecting the motion of these
elements.
Such nanoelectromechanical systems are potentially useful for applications
from sensing to signal processing.
Quirin P. Unterreithmeier, Eva M. Weig and Jorg P. Kotthaus
doi:10.1038/nature07932
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07932.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07932.html
Observation of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules pp1005-1008
A Rydberg atom has one electron excited into an orbital with a very high
principal quantum number. The scattering of such an electron from a second
atom in the ground state gives rise to long-range bonding, yielding giant
molecules with internuclear separations reaching several thousand Bohr
radii.
Using s-state rubidium Rydberg atoms with quantum numbers between 34 and 40,
Bendkowsky and colleagues have now spectroscopically characterized such
'Rydberg molecules', and measured their lifetimes and polarizabilities.
Vera Bendkowsky et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07945
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07945.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07945.html
The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in China pp1009-1013
This paper analyses the terrestrial carbon balance of China during the 1980s
and 1990s using biomass and soil carbon inventories extrapolated by
satellite
greenness measurements, ecosystem models and atmospheric inversions. These
three methods produce similar estimates of a net sink of 0.19-0.26 billion
tonnes of carbon per year, indicating that China absorbed 28-37 per cent of
its fossil carbon emissions over these two decades, mainly attributable to
regional climate change, large-scale plantation programmes and shrub
recovery.
Shilong Piao et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07944
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07944.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07944.html
Impact of changes in diffuse radiation on the global land carbon
sink pp1014-1017
More radiation generally increases vegetation photosynthesis, but field
studies
show that a given amount of diffuse radiation leads to more fixed carbon
than
direct radiation. Mercado and colleagues simulate the effect of late
twentieth
century increases in the diffuse radiation fraction, and find that the
terrestrial carbon sink is enhanced by about 25% [mdash]paradoxically,
reducing future anthropogenic pollution will reduce this diffuse radiation
effect, creating a positive feedback to global warming.
Lina M. Mercado et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07949
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07949.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07949.html
The architecture of mutualistic networks minimizes competition and increases
biodiversity pp1018-1020
In this paper the authors show that the 'nestedness' of mutualistic
interactions
between animals and plants acts to reduce competition and enhance the number
of species. Nested networks seem to occur in many biological and social
contexts, indicating that the results are relevant in a wide range of
fields,
from biology to banking.
Ugo Bastolla et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07950
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07950.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07950.html
A semi-aquatic Arctic mammalian carnivore from the Miocene epoch and origin
of
Pinnipedia pp1021-1024
Seals, sea lions and the walrus (collectively the pinnipeds) evolved from
land-living carnivores, but the earliest known pinniped, Enaliarctos,
already
had flippers. This paper describes a fossil from the Canadian Arctic that
represents an earlier stage in pinniped evolution, documenting the
otter-like
transition between land and water.
Natalia Rybczynski, Mary R. Dawson and Richard H. Tedford
doi:10.1038/nature07985
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07985.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07985.html
Temporally precise in vivo control of intracellular signalling pp1025-1029
Ion channels driven by light have provided electrophysiologists with
unprecedented
control over the activity state of neurons; here Deisseroth and colleagues
introduce new molecules that offer a similar level of control over
signalling
pathways to biochemists. Opsin/GPCR chimaeras were engineered, enabling the
authors to modulate G-protein activity via light, which in turn could
influence
neuronal firing; activating these molecules expressed in vivo could drive
conditioned place preference in behaving mice
Raag D. Airan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07926
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07926.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07926.html
Natural variation in a neural globin tunes oxygen sensing in wild
Caenorhabditis
elegans pp1030-1033
This study shows that the soluble guanylate cyclase GCY-35 responds to
increased
oxygen and that a neural globin, GLB-5, is involved in sensing reduced
oxygen.
The behavioural response to GLB-5 activation involves the neuropeptide
receptor
NPR-1, and both glb-5 and npr-1 show natural variation amongst different
Caenorhabditis elegans strains.
Annelie Persson et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07820
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07820.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07820.html
Glycerol monolaurate prevents mucosal SIV transmission pp1034-1038
Glycerol monolaurate in a microbicide is shown to protect monkeys from
infection
after intra-vaginal exposure to high doses of SIV. The suppressive activity
may
be due to the inhibition of target cell recruitment due to
glycerol-monolaurate-
mediated inhibition of epithelial cell signalling and inflammatory cytokine
expression.
Qingsheng Li et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07831
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07831.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07831.html
Identification of IFRD1 as a modifier gene for cystic fibrosis lung
disease
pp1039-1042
Cystic fibrosis is more severe in some individuals than in others. This
study
identifies the neutrophil transcriptional co-regulator IFRD1 as a new
genetic
modifier.
YuanYuan Gu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07811
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07811.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07811.html
Germline-encoded amino acids in the [agr][bgr] T-cell receptor control
thymic
selection pp1043-1046
In this paper the authors present evidence that T-cell receptor genes encode
inherent specificity for major histocompatibility complex molecules.
James P. Scott-Browne et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07812
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07812.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07812.html
Discovery of insect and human dengue virus host factors pp1047-1050
This report identifies host factors required for Dengue virus propagation by
using a high throughput genome-wide RNA interference screening approach in
Drosophila cells.
October M. Sessions et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07967
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07967.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07967.html
Directional Delta and Notch trafficking in Sara endosomes during asymmetric
cell
division pp1051-1055
This study provides a mechanistic basis for differential signalling of
Notch, by
showing that in fly sensory organ precursors, Notch and Delta traffic to
special
endosomes marked by the protein Sara. The asymmetric trafficking of
endosomes
containing Notch and Delta increases Notch signalling in pIIa daughter cells
and decreases it in pIIb cells.
F. Coumailleau, M. Furthauer, J. A. Knoblich and M. Gonzalez-Gaitan
doi:10.1038/nature07854
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/abs/nature07854.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/nature07854.html
AMPK regulates energy expenditure by modulating NAD+ metabolism and SIRT1
activity
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is shown to transcriptionally regulate
genes
involved in controlling energy metabolism in skeletal muscle by acting
together
with the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1. AMPK enhances SIRT1 activity by
increasing cellular NAD+ levels, resulting in the deacetylation and
activation
of the SIRT1 downstream target PGC-1[alpha].
Carles Canto et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07813
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature07813.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature07813.html
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Outsourced p1066
Equal opportunities?
Shelly Li
doi:10.1038/4581066a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7241/full/4581066a.html
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
22 April 2009
Irreversibility of mitotic exit is the consequence of systems-level feedback
Sandra Lopez-Aviles, Orsolya Kapuy, Bela Novak and Frank Uhlmann
doi:10.1038/nature07984
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature07984.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature07984.html
Formyl peptide receptor-like proteins are a novel family of vomeronasal
chemosensors
Stephane Riviere et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08029
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08029.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08029.html
NAADP mobilizes calcium from acidic organelles through two-pore channels
Peter J. Calcraft et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08030
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08030.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08030.html
19 April 2009
GlcNAcylation of a histone methyltransferase in retinoic-acid-induced
granulopoiesis
Ryoji Fujiki et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07954
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature07954.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature07954.html
04 March 2009
AMPK regulates energy expenditure by modulating NAD+ metabolism and SIRT1
activity
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is shown to transcriptionally regulate
genes involved in controlling energy metabolism in skeletal muscle by acting
together with the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1. AMPK enhances SIRT1
activity by increasing cellular NAD+ levels, resulting in the deacetylation
and activation of the SIRT1 downstream target PGC-1[alpha].
Carles Canto et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07813
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature07813.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature07813.html
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