《Nature》目录要览（2009年6月4日出版）
时间：2009-06-07 阅读： 我要评论:
《Nature》目录要览（2009年6月4日出版）
封面故事：显微镜技术的最新进展
Cover caption
本期Nature上三篇“新闻特写”文章展现了显微镜工作者近年来所取得的非凡成就。
“受激发射损耗”（STED）显微镜利用荧光团的基本性质和第二个光束来提高传统共焦显微镜的分辨率。神经科学家用这种方法已经观察到了非常好的结果（第 630页）。我们所介绍的第二个装置需要一台显微镜才能看到，因此这种被称为“光流体显微镜”（OFM）的装置几乎可以到任何地方去（第632页）。“超高压电子显微镜”（UHVEM）与其说是新技术，倒不如说是先进技术，纯粹利用力来超越普通电子显微镜的极限（第634页）。“受激拉曼散射”（SRS）显微镜的独特卖点是，它适合于对未标记的活细胞进行成像（第636页）。“扫描光致电离显微镜”（SPIM）是一大批目前正在细胞和系统生物学领域取得显著成就的基于光幕的荧光显微镜技术之一，其中“欧洲分子生物学实验室”（EMBL）处在该领域的前沿（第638页）。封面图片：David Parkins。
六种假丝酵母基因组完成测序（Candida genomes compared）
Evolution of pathogenicity and sexual reproduction in eight Candida genomes六种假丝酵母（Candida）的基因组序列已被确定，并与白念珠菌（一种海洋酵母和面包酵母）的基因组序列进行了对比。假丝酵母是人类所遭受的伺机性真菌感染的最常见原因。基因组对比显示了与致病性物种相关的惊人的基因家族扩展现象。假丝酵母生物学的其他方面，包括遗传编码的演化，以及交配和减数分裂过程的架构，也可通过对不同物种进行对比来研究。（Article p. 657）
“伽马振荡”激发理论得到验证（Sensory transmission）
Driving fast-spiking cells induces gamma rhythm and controls sensory responses / Parvalbumin neurons and gamma rhythms enhance cortical circuit performance伽马振荡（神经网络中测到的频率在20和80Hz之间的同步活动节律）在信息处理和注意过程中处于活动状态，在精神分裂症中处于失活状态。诱导这一活性带的是什么？关于这个问题的答案，人们一直是在猜测，同时它也是理论研究的对象。本期Nature上的两篇论文报告了用以细胞类型为目标的光基因技术来验证当前人们比较愿意接受的理论：这些振荡是由快速放电（FS）中间神经元（也称为“表达小清蛋白的中间神经元”）的同步活动产生的。验证结果表明，这个理论是正确的。Cardin等人发现，一个伽马状态在活体中可由FS中间神经元的特定激发来驱动，相对于这些振荡的传感输入可决定所激发的皮层活动程度。（Article p. 663）Sohal等人报告了FS中间神经元的特定激发参与伽马振荡之产生的经验性证据，他们的数据也表明，激发性细胞基于伽马振荡的调制也许可增强回路中的信噪比。（Letter p. 698）
超新星的形成机制（A supernova with a past）
A low-energy core-collapse supernova without a hydrogen envelope理论表明，最初质量超过太阳质量25-30倍的恒星作为Wolf-Rayet星结束其恒星生命，因通过强恒星风迅速失去质量而变为缺氢状态。任何随后发生的超新星爆炸都应能产生低动能和暗光度的喷出物，并有由放射性镍构成的一小部分物质。此前，一直没有探测到符合这一描述的核心坍缩超新星。但在2008年11月7日发现的SN 2008ha似乎符合这个特。一项详细的光度和光谱研究表明，SN 2008ha是已知最暗和亮度最低的缺氢超新星。这一发现提出一个可能性：其他类似事件以前也被观察到过， SN 2002cx就是一例，但它们却被划分为“异常热核超新星”。（Letter p. 674）
“土卫六”云活动主要由全球环流控制（Titan's cloud cover）
Global circulation as the main source of cloud activity on Titan
土星最大的卫星“土卫六”有一个复杂的气候系统，在其中烃类扮演一个相当于地球上的水的角色。“土卫六”的云是由甲烷和乙烷冷凝形成的。云活动目前主要出现在南半球（即处于夏季的半球），但大气环流模型预测，这种分布应当随季节变化，变化的时间尺度为15年。搭载在“卡西尼”探测器上的红外绘图光谱仪为近距离对云活动进行监测及用所获数据来优化环流模型和提高它们的预测准确性提供了一个机会。对在2004年7月和2007年12月间每月进行的39次飞掠探测活动所获几百万光谱数据进行的整理显示，“土卫六”上的全球云覆盖模式与模型预测总体上是一致的，从而证实，云活动主要由全球环流控制。（Letter p. 678）
大尺度机械振荡器之间的纠缠状态（Entangled vibrations）
Entangled mechanical oscillators位置叠加和纠缠是量子力学的典型特征，通常是因电子自旋和光子偏振等性质而被演示出来的。现在，通过演示两个截然不同的机械振荡器（从宏观尺度来看就是我们所熟悉的弹簧或钟摆）之间的纠缠，研究人员使得这些神秘现象离我们日常生活更近了一步。Jost等人演示了彼此分开的机械振荡器之间的纠缠现象，这些振荡器由束缚在不同位置的两对原子化离子的振动状态组成。这种实验有可能为生成大尺度机械振荡器的纠缠状态及按比例放大基于被束缚离子的量子信息处理开辟途径。（Letter p. 683; News &Views）
不“闪烁”的纳米晶体（Nonblinking nanocrystals）
Non-blinking semiconductor nanocrystals半导体纳米晶体在如生物单分子标记等若干应用中很有用，但进一步应用的范围受到这样一个事实的严重制约：纳米晶体会“闪烁”：它们在受到连续激发时会间歇性地打开和关闭。这种现象的原因还不是很清楚，但似乎与纳米晶体的带电有关。不过现在，“闪烁”的问题已经解决，办法是用一个ZnSe半导体壳盖在一个CdZn纳米晶体核上，在该结构中，ZnSe 和CdSe之间的过渡不是突然的，而是呈放射状分级的。这些纳米晶体尽管带电也能连续发射。理论模拟表明，这是由于软束缚势所造成的电荷与被激发电子之间的相互作用效率减小所致。这样获得的纳米晶体尚不能用于器件，但通过进一步研发，有可能在各种不同应用中找到用武之地，其中包括生物成像、激光和太阳能电池。（Letter p. 686; News & Views）
南极冰层最初是怎样形成的（The glaciation of Antarctica）
The Gamburtsev mountains and the origin and early evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet
南极冰层首次形成的方式（当时是距今大约3400万年前的一个全球气候迅速变化的时期）一直是一个有相当大猜测性的问题。来自几个方面的证据都表明，南极中部山系是最初冰层的所在地点，但我们关于当前冰层地貌的知识高度局限在冰层最初形成最可能发生的区域：位于当前冰层中心、沿冰川下的Gamburtsev山系的地方。现在，研究人员根据在两个季节中所进行的一项能够穿透冰层的雷达研究，完成了对Gamburtsev山系形态的详细勘查和分析。所获数据显示了一个最初被河流切割、然后又被冰的运动加深的山地景观。深至冰层下3000米的地貌像是经典高山峡谷地貌发生爆炸后的版本，似乎是在距今3400万年前形成的，当时的平均夏季气温约为3摄氏度。（Letter p. 690; Abstractions p. 613）
心肌细胞再生所需条件（Heart cell generation）
Directed transdifferentiation of mouse mesoderm to heart tissue by defined factors心脏受损后几乎没有再生能力，所以了解产生新的心肌细胞所需因素是人们非常感兴趣的问题。Jun Takeuchi 和Benoit Bruneau对小鼠中胚层向心肌细胞的分化转移进行了研究，发现两个心肌转录因子和BAF染色质重塑复合物的一个心肌特异性亚单元足以引
导小鼠中胚层向扩张的心肌细胞的转化。再增添一个转录因子，会促进向收缩的心肌细胞的转化，促进对非心肌中胚层基因的抑制。确定心肌细胞分化的要求，从长远来讲可帮助实现再生用于治疗的心肌细胞的目标。（Letter p. 708; News & Views）
A20蛋白与B-细胞淋巴瘤的关系（A20 link to B-cell lymphoma）
Frequent inactivation of A20 in B-cell lymphomas / Mutations of multiple genes cause deregulation of NF-B in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma两个小组在本期Nature上报告，A20蛋白（NF-κB信号通道的一个负调控因子）在B-细胞淋巴瘤患者身上经常失去活性。Kato等人发现，缺失A20基因的细胞在免疫缺陷小鼠身上会产生肿瘤，而且当该蛋白被重新表达时肿瘤形成受到抑制。Compagno等人发现，A20在大约30%的B-细胞淋巴瘤患者中失去活性。两个小组都发现，A20蛋白在体外抑制细胞生长，促进细胞自杀。（Letters pp. 712, 717）
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Photonics: How nanocrystals lost their blink pp649-650
Semiconducting nanocrystals emit light in many different colours, but they blink on and off at random. The latest nanocrystals emit photons steadily, thanks to the blending of their cores into their outer shells.
Cover caption
本期Nature上三篇“新闻特写”文章展现了显微镜工作者近年来所取得的非凡成就。
“受激发射损耗”（STED）显微镜利用荧光团的基本性质和第二个光束来提高传统共焦显微镜的分辨率。神经科学家用这种方法已经观察到了非常好的结果（第 630页）。我们所介绍的第二个装置需要一台显微镜才能看到，因此这种被称为“光流体显微镜”（OFM）的装置几乎可以到任何地方去（第632页）。“超高压电子显微镜”（UHVEM）与其说是新技术，倒不如说是先进技术，纯粹利用力来超越普通电子显微镜的极限（第634页）。“受激拉曼散射”（SRS）显微镜的独特卖点是，它适合于对未标记的活细胞进行成像（第636页）。“扫描光致电离显微镜”（SPIM）是一大批目前正在细胞和系统生物学领域取得显著成就的基于光幕的荧光显微镜技术之一，其中“欧洲分子生物学实验室”（EMBL）处在该领域的前沿（第638页）。封面图片：David Parkins。
六种假丝酵母基因组完成测序（Candida genomes compared）
Evolution of pathogenicity and sexual reproduction in eight Candida genomes六种假丝酵母（Candida）的基因组序列已被确定，并与白念珠菌（一种海洋酵母和面包酵母）的基因组序列进行了对比。假丝酵母是人类所遭受的伺机性真菌感染的最常见原因。基因组对比显示了与致病性物种相关的惊人的基因家族扩展现象。假丝酵母生物学的其他方面，包括遗传编码的演化，以及交配和减数分裂过程的架构，也可通过对不同物种进行对比来研究。（Article p. 657）
“伽马振荡”激发理论得到验证（Sensory transmission）
Driving fast-spiking cells induces gamma rhythm and controls sensory responses / Parvalbumin neurons and gamma rhythms enhance cortical circuit performance伽马振荡（神经网络中测到的频率在20和80Hz之间的同步活动节律）在信息处理和注意过程中处于活动状态，在精神分裂症中处于失活状态。诱导这一活性带的是什么？关于这个问题的答案，人们一直是在猜测，同时它也是理论研究的对象。本期Nature上的两篇论文报告了用以细胞类型为目标的光基因技术来验证当前人们比较愿意接受的理论：这些振荡是由快速放电（FS）中间神经元（也称为“表达小清蛋白的中间神经元”）的同步活动产生的。验证结果表明，这个理论是正确的。Cardin等人发现，一个伽马状态在活体中可由FS中间神经元的特定激发来驱动，相对于这些振荡的传感输入可决定所激发的皮层活动程度。（Article p. 663）Sohal等人报告了FS中间神经元的特定激发参与伽马振荡之产生的经验性证据，他们的数据也表明，激发性细胞基于伽马振荡的调制也许可增强回路中的信噪比。（Letter p. 698）
超新星的形成机制（A supernova with a past）
A low-energy core-collapse supernova without a hydrogen envelope理论表明，最初质量超过太阳质量25-30倍的恒星作为Wolf-Rayet星结束其恒星生命，因通过强恒星风迅速失去质量而变为缺氢状态。任何随后发生的超新星爆炸都应能产生低动能和暗光度的喷出物，并有由放射性镍构成的一小部分物质。此前，一直没有探测到符合这一描述的核心坍缩超新星。但在2008年11月7日发现的SN 2008ha似乎符合这个特。一项详细的光度和光谱研究表明，SN 2008ha是已知最暗和亮度最低的缺氢超新星。这一发现提出一个可能性：其他类似事件以前也被观察到过， SN 2002cx就是一例，但它们却被划分为“异常热核超新星”。（Letter p. 674）
“土卫六”云活动主要由全球环流控制（Titan's cloud cover）
Global circulation as the main source of cloud activity on Titan
土星最大的卫星“土卫六”有一个复杂的气候系统，在其中烃类扮演一个相当于地球上的水的角色。“土卫六”的云是由甲烷和乙烷冷凝形成的。云活动目前主要出现在南半球（即处于夏季的半球），但大气环流模型预测，这种分布应当随季节变化，变化的时间尺度为15年。搭载在“卡西尼”探测器上的红外绘图光谱仪为近距离对云活动进行监测及用所获数据来优化环流模型和提高它们的预测准确性提供了一个机会。对在2004年7月和2007年12月间每月进行的39次飞掠探测活动所获几百万光谱数据进行的整理显示，“土卫六”上的全球云覆盖模式与模型预测总体上是一致的，从而证实，云活动主要由全球环流控制。（Letter p. 678）
大尺度机械振荡器之间的纠缠状态（Entangled vibrations）
Entangled mechanical oscillators位置叠加和纠缠是量子力学的典型特征，通常是因电子自旋和光子偏振等性质而被演示出来的。现在，通过演示两个截然不同的机械振荡器（从宏观尺度来看就是我们所熟悉的弹簧或钟摆）之间的纠缠，研究人员使得这些神秘现象离我们日常生活更近了一步。Jost等人演示了彼此分开的机械振荡器之间的纠缠现象，这些振荡器由束缚在不同位置的两对原子化离子的振动状态组成。这种实验有可能为生成大尺度机械振荡器的纠缠状态及按比例放大基于被束缚离子的量子信息处理开辟途径。（Letter p. 683; News &Views）
不“闪烁”的纳米晶体（Nonblinking nanocrystals）
Non-blinking semiconductor nanocrystals半导体纳米晶体在如生物单分子标记等若干应用中很有用，但进一步应用的范围受到这样一个事实的严重制约：纳米晶体会“闪烁”：它们在受到连续激发时会间歇性地打开和关闭。这种现象的原因还不是很清楚，但似乎与纳米晶体的带电有关。不过现在，“闪烁”的问题已经解决，办法是用一个ZnSe半导体壳盖在一个CdZn纳米晶体核上，在该结构中，ZnSe 和CdSe之间的过渡不是突然的，而是呈放射状分级的。这些纳米晶体尽管带电也能连续发射。理论模拟表明，这是由于软束缚势所造成的电荷与被激发电子之间的相互作用效率减小所致。这样获得的纳米晶体尚不能用于器件，但通过进一步研发，有可能在各种不同应用中找到用武之地，其中包括生物成像、激光和太阳能电池。（Letter p. 686; News & Views）
南极冰层最初是怎样形成的（The glaciation of Antarctica）
The Gamburtsev mountains and the origin and early evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet
南极冰层首次形成的方式（当时是距今大约3400万年前的一个全球气候迅速变化的时期）一直是一个有相当大猜测性的问题。来自几个方面的证据都表明，南极中部山系是最初冰层的所在地点，但我们关于当前冰层地貌的知识高度局限在冰层最初形成最可能发生的区域：位于当前冰层中心、沿冰川下的Gamburtsev山系的地方。现在，研究人员根据在两个季节中所进行的一项能够穿透冰层的雷达研究，完成了对Gamburtsev山系形态的详细勘查和分析。所获数据显示了一个最初被河流切割、然后又被冰的运动加深的山地景观。深至冰层下3000米的地貌像是经典高山峡谷地貌发生爆炸后的版本，似乎是在距今3400万年前形成的，当时的平均夏季气温约为3摄氏度。（Letter p. 690; Abstractions p. 613）
心肌细胞再生所需条件（Heart cell generation）
Directed transdifferentiation of mouse mesoderm to heart tissue by defined factors心脏受损后几乎没有再生能力，所以了解产生新的心肌细胞所需因素是人们非常感兴趣的问题。Jun Takeuchi 和Benoit Bruneau对小鼠中胚层向心肌细胞的分化转移进行了研究，发现两个心肌转录因子和BAF染色质重塑复合物的一个心肌特异性亚单元足以引
导小鼠中胚层向扩张的心肌细胞的转化。再增添一个转录因子，会促进向收缩的心肌细胞的转化，促进对非心肌中胚层基因的抑制。确定心肌细胞分化的要求，从长远来讲可帮助实现再生用于治疗的心肌细胞的目标。（Letter p. 708; News & Views）
A20蛋白与B-细胞淋巴瘤的关系（A20 link to B-cell lymphoma）
Frequent inactivation of A20 in B-cell lymphomas / Mutations of multiple genes cause deregulation of NF-B in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma两个小组在本期Nature上报告，A20蛋白（NF-κB信号通道的一个负调控因子）在B-细胞淋巴瘤患者身上经常失去活性。Kato等人发现，缺失A20基因的细胞在免疫缺陷小鼠身上会产生肿瘤，而且当该蛋白被重新表达时肿瘤形成受到抑制。Compagno等人发现，A20在大约30%的B-细胞淋巴瘤患者中失去活性。两个小组都发现，A20蛋白在体外抑制细胞生长，促进细胞自杀。（Letters pp. 712, 717）
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Photonics: How nanocrystals lost their blink pp649-650
Semiconducting nanocrystals emit light in many different colours, but they blink on and off at random. The latest nanocrystals emit photons steadily, thanks to the blending of their cores into their outer shells.
Taekjip Ha
doi:10.1038/459649a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/459649a.html
Cosmology: Climbing up the cosmic ladder pp650-651
Study of an under-appreciated subclass of stars that brighten and dim periodically brings to light their potential use as cosmic yardsticks [mdash] out to distances of a few hundred million light years.
Ofer Lahav
doi:10.1038/459650a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/459650a.html
Membrane-protein structure: Piercing insights pp651-652
Pore-forming proteins are deadly biological weapons that punch holes in target-cell membranes. The structure of the pore formed by a bacterial toxin suggests that diverse pore formers have similar assembly pathways.
Hagan Bayley
doi:10.1038/459651a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/459651a.html
Geophysics: Magnetic ringing of the Earth pp652-653
The study of Earth's core is an exacting task that involves interpreting indirect evidence. An innovative approach to understanding decadal changes in the magnetic field provides a new probe of core dynamics.
Richard Holme
doi:10.1038/459652a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/459652a.html
Quantum mechanics: Entanglement goes mechanical pp653-654
A neat experiment shows that the mechanical vibration of two ion pairs separated by a few hundred micrometres is entangled [mdash] their motions are intrinsically and inseparably connected in a quantum way.
Rainer Blatt
doi:10.1038/459653a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/459653a.html
Developmental biology: The early heart remodelled pp654-655
What factors direct the formation of heart muscle in the developing embryo? Unexpectedly, a chromatin-remodelling protein complex turns out to be a crucial determinant of cardiac-cell fate.
Fu-Sen Liang and Gerald R. Crabtree
doi:10.1038/459654a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/459654a.html
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Evolution of pathogenicity and sexual reproduction in eight Candida
genomes pp657-662
Candida species are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infection
worldwide. Here, the genomes of six Candida species are sequenced and
compared with each other and with related pathogens and non-pathogens;
providing insight into the genetic features that underlie the diversity of
Candida biology, including pathogenesis and the architecture of mating and
meiotic processes.
Geraldine Butler et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08064
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08064.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08064.html
Driving fast-spiking cells induces gamma rhythm and controls sensory
responses pp663-667
Cortical gamma oscillations (20-80 Hz) predict increases in focused
attention, and failure in gamma regulation is a hallmark of neurological and
psychiatric disease; however, what induces this activity band is unclear.
Here, by using a cell-type targeted optogenetic approach, it is revealed
that gamma oscillations can be driven by specific activation of fast-spiking
interneurons in vivo, and that sensory input relative to these oscillations
can determine the extent of evoked cortical activity.
Jessica A. Cardin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08002
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08002.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08002.html
Chaperonin overexpression promotes genetic variation and enzyme
evolution pp668-673
Amino acid mutations that alter a protein's function can affect the
stability of the protein, but these mutations are believed to be 'buffered'
by chaperones, or heat-shock proteins-potentially facilitating the
acquisition of genetic diversity and the rate of adaptation. Here, the
overexpression of bacterial GroEL/GroES chaperonins is found to double the
number of accumulating mutations in four different enzymes in vitro.
Nobuhiko Tokuriki and Dan S. Tawfik
doi:10.1038/nature08009
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08009.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08009.html
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
A low-energy core-collapse supernova without a hydrogen
envelope pp674-677
Theory suggests that stars with initial masses greater than 25-30 solar
masses end up as Wolf-Rayet stars, which are deficient in hydrogen in their
outer layers; subsequent supernova explosions should produce ejecta of low
kinetic energy, a faint optical luminosity and a small mass fraction of
radioactive nickel, but no weak, hydrogen-deficient, core-collapse
supernovae have hitherto been see. Now, SN 2008ha is reported to be a faint
hydrogen-poor supernova.
S. Valenti et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08023
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08023.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08023.html
Global circulation as the main source of cloud activity on
Titan pp678-682
Clouds on Titan result from the condensation of methane and ethane and, at
present, cloud activity mainly occurs in the southern hemisphere; general
circulation models predict that this distribution should change with the
seasons on a 15-year timescale. Now, global spatial cloud coverage on Titan
is reported to be in general agreement with the models.
Sebastien Rodriguez et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08014
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08014.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08014.html
Entangled mechanical oscillators pp683-685
Superposition and entanglement are hallmarks of quantum mechanics. One
system ubiquitous to nature where entanglement has not previously been shown
is distinct mechanical oscillators, such as springs or pendula. Here,
deterministic entanglement of separated mechanical
oscillators[mdash]consisting of the vibrational states of two pairs of
atomic ions held in different locations[mdash]is demonstrated.
J. D. Jost et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08006
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08006.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08006.html
Non-blinking semiconductor nanocrystals pp686-689
The usefulness of semiconductor nanocrystals is severely limited by the fact
that they 'blink': they turn on and off intermittently under continuous
excitation. Here, ternary core/shell CdZnSe/ZnSe nanocrystals are realized,
in which the transition between CdZnSe and ZnSe seems to be radially graded
rather than abrupt, and which show completely non-blinking behaviour and
strong photoluminescence.
Xiaoyong Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08072
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08072.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08072.html
The Gamburtsev mountains and the origin and early evolution of the Antarctic
Ice Sheet pp690-693
The nature of initial glaciation on Antarctica about 34 million years ago is
a mystery. Results from an intensive radar survey now show that the
Gamburtsev mountains at Dome A, at the centre of the present ice sheet, were
initially incised by rivers and then subsequently overdeepened by ice
movement; this is suggestive of topographical development before 34 million
years ago, when mean summer temperatures were about 3 [deg]C.
Sun Bo et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08024
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08024.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08024.html
Kinematic variables and water transport control the formation and location
of arc volcanoes pp694-697
The production of arc magmas at convergent plate margins is thought to
involve the mantle wedge overlying subducting slabs, as well as fluids or
melts from the subducting slab itself. However, the role of kinematic
variables, such as slab dip and convergence rate, remains an open question.
Here, a model is proposed to address how kinematic parameters of plate
subduction relate to the location of mantle wedge melting and the position
of arc volcanoes.
T. L. Grove et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08044
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08044.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08044.html
Parvalbumin neurons and gamma rhythms enhance cortical circuit
performance pp698-702
Interneurons defined by the fast-spiking phenotype and expression of the
calcium-binding protein parvalbumin are thought to be involved in gamma
oscillations. Here, optogenetic technology is used in mice to selectively
modulate parvalbumin interneurons in vivo, revealing that inhibition of
these interneurons suppresses gamma oscillations, whereas driving them is
sufficient to generate emergent gamma-frequency rhythmicity.
Vikaas S. Sohal, Feng Zhang, Ofer Yizhar and Karl Deisseroth
doi:10.1038/nature07991
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature07991.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature07991.html
Mechanism of differential control of NMDA receptor activity by NR2
subunits pp703-707
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors have different opening probabilities
and pharmacological profiles according to the type of NR2 subunit they
possess (NR2A to NR2D). The region formed by the NR2 amino-terminal domain,
and the short linker connecting this to the agonist-binding domain, are now
shown to be responsible for controlling the subunit-specific gating of NMDA
receptors.
Marc Gielen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07993
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature07993.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature07993.html
Directed transdifferentiation of mouse mesoderm to heart tissue by defined
factors pp708-711
The heart has little regenerative capacity after damage, so understanding
the factors required to produce new cardiac myocytes is of great interest.
The minimal requirements for transdifferentiation of mouse mesoderm to
cardiac myocytes are now defined, with implications for the reprogramming of
cardiomyocytes for regenerative purposes in the future.
Jun K. Takeuchi and Benoit G. Bruneau
doi:10.1038/nature08039
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08039.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08039.html
Frequent inactivation of A20 in B-cell lymphomas pp712-716
A20 is a negative regulator of the NF-[kappa]B pathway and has a pivotal
role in regulation of the immune response. Using a genome-wide analysis of
genetic lesions in B-cell lymphomas, A20 is shown to be a common genetic
target in B-lineage lymphomas, with uncontrolled NF-[kappa]B signalling
caused by loss of A20 function implicated in the pathogenesis of subsets of
these lymphomas.
Motohiro Kato et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07969
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature07969.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature07969.html
Mutations of multiple genes cause deregulation of NF-[kgr]B in diffuse large
B-cell lymphoma pp717-721
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of lymphoma in
adulthood. Here, mutations in multiple genes that regulate the NK-[kappa]B
pathway are shown to be present in DLBCL, with the most commonly affected
being the A20 gene, which encodes a ubiquitin-modifying enzyme involved in
termination of NK-[kappa]B responses.
Mara Compagno et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07968
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature07968.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature07968.html
F-box protein FBXO31 mediates cyclin D1 degradation to induce G1 arrest
after DNA damage pp722-725
Upon DNA damage, eukaryotic cells initiate the DNA damage response, a
complex signalling pathway which coordinates cell cycle arrest with DNA
repair. Using a genome-wide RNA interference screen, the human F-box protein
FBXO31 is shown to regulate the G1/S cell cycle transition in response to
DNA damage by mediating degradation of cyclin D1, an important regulator of
progression from G1 to S phase.
Manas K. Santra, Narendra Wajapeyee and Michael R. Green
doi:10.1038/nature08011
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08011.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08011.html
The structure of a cytolytic [agr]-helical toxin pore reveals its assembly
mechanism pp726-730
Pore-forming toxins are a class of potent virulence factors that convert
from a soluble form to a membrane-integrated pore. The bacterial toxin
cytolysin A is one such pore-forming toxin, and it is responsible for the
haemolytic phenotype of several Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica
strains. Here, the crystal structure of the assembled pore is reported, and
a sequential mechanism for its assembly proposed.
Marcus Mueller et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08026
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08026.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08026.html
Metamorphic enzyme assembly in polyketide diversification pp731-735
Co-evolution of enzymes for metabolic diversification is not well
understood, especially at the biochemical level. Here, the biosynthetic
pathways responsible for the synthesis of two natural products, curacin and
jamaicamide, are examined; several domains are characterized to help
determine how, although the two pathways have a high sequence identity, they
are responsible for the production of two such dramatically different
chemical motifs.
Liangcai Gu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07870
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature07870.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature07870.html
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
03 June 2009
Uniparental expression of PolIV-dependent siRNAs in developing endosperm of
Arabidopsis
Rebecca A. Mosher et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08084
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08084.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08084.html
Enhancing CD8 T-cell memory by modulating fatty acid metabolism
Erika L. Pearce et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08097
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08097.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08097.html
T cells dampen innate immune responses through inhibition of NLRP1 and NLRP3
inflammasomes
Greta Guarda et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08100
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08100.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08100.html
A tissue-scale gradient of hydrogen peroxide mediates rapid wound detection
in zebrafish
Philipp Niethammer, Clemens Grabher, A. Thomas Look and Timothy J. Mitchison
doi:10.1038/nature08119
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08119.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08119.html
31 May 2009
Identification of the pollen self-incompatibility determinant in Papaver
rhoeas
Michael J. Wheeler et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08027
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08027.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08027.html
A histone H3 lysine 36 trimethyltransferase links Nkx2-5 to Wolf-Hirschhorn
syndrome
Keisuke Nimura et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08086
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08086.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08086.html
Genome-wide silencing in Drosophila captures conserved apoptotic effectors
Su Kit Chew et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08087
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08087.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08087.html
Giant tunnel electroresistance for non-destructive readout of ferroelectric
states
V. Garcia et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08128
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08128.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08128.html
Disease-corrected haematopoietic progenitors from Fanconi anaemia induced
pluripotent stem cells
Angel Raya et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08129
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08129.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08129.html
doi:10.1038/459649a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/459649a.html
Cosmology: Climbing up the cosmic ladder pp650-651
Study of an under-appreciated subclass of stars that brighten and dim periodically brings to light their potential use as cosmic yardsticks [mdash] out to distances of a few hundred million light years.
Ofer Lahav
doi:10.1038/459650a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/459650a.html
Membrane-protein structure: Piercing insights pp651-652
Pore-forming proteins are deadly biological weapons that punch holes in target-cell membranes. The structure of the pore formed by a bacterial toxin suggests that diverse pore formers have similar assembly pathways.
Hagan Bayley
doi:10.1038/459651a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/459651a.html
Geophysics: Magnetic ringing of the Earth pp652-653
The study of Earth's core is an exacting task that involves interpreting indirect evidence. An innovative approach to understanding decadal changes in the magnetic field provides a new probe of core dynamics.
Richard Holme
doi:10.1038/459652a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/459652a.html
Quantum mechanics: Entanglement goes mechanical pp653-654
A neat experiment shows that the mechanical vibration of two ion pairs separated by a few hundred micrometres is entangled [mdash] their motions are intrinsically and inseparably connected in a quantum way.
Rainer Blatt
doi:10.1038/459653a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/459653a.html
Developmental biology: The early heart remodelled pp654-655
What factors direct the formation of heart muscle in the developing embryo? Unexpectedly, a chromatin-remodelling protein complex turns out to be a crucial determinant of cardiac-cell fate.
Fu-Sen Liang and Gerald R. Crabtree
doi:10.1038/459654a
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/459654a.html
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Evolution of pathogenicity and sexual reproduction in eight Candida
genomes pp657-662
Candida species are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infection
worldwide. Here, the genomes of six Candida species are sequenced and
compared with each other and with related pathogens and non-pathogens;
providing insight into the genetic features that underlie the diversity of
Candida biology, including pathogenesis and the architecture of mating and
meiotic processes.
Geraldine Butler et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08064
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08064.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08064.html
Driving fast-spiking cells induces gamma rhythm and controls sensory
responses pp663-667
Cortical gamma oscillations (20-80 Hz) predict increases in focused
attention, and failure in gamma regulation is a hallmark of neurological and
psychiatric disease; however, what induces this activity band is unclear.
Here, by using a cell-type targeted optogenetic approach, it is revealed
that gamma oscillations can be driven by specific activation of fast-spiking
interneurons in vivo, and that sensory input relative to these oscillations
can determine the extent of evoked cortical activity.
Jessica A. Cardin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08002
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08002.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08002.html
Chaperonin overexpression promotes genetic variation and enzyme
evolution pp668-673
Amino acid mutations that alter a protein's function can affect the
stability of the protein, but these mutations are believed to be 'buffered'
by chaperones, or heat-shock proteins-potentially facilitating the
acquisition of genetic diversity and the rate of adaptation. Here, the
overexpression of bacterial GroEL/GroES chaperonins is found to double the
number of accumulating mutations in four different enzymes in vitro.
Nobuhiko Tokuriki and Dan S. Tawfik
doi:10.1038/nature08009
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08009.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08009.html
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
A low-energy core-collapse supernova without a hydrogen
envelope pp674-677
Theory suggests that stars with initial masses greater than 25-30 solar
masses end up as Wolf-Rayet stars, which are deficient in hydrogen in their
outer layers; subsequent supernova explosions should produce ejecta of low
kinetic energy, a faint optical luminosity and a small mass fraction of
radioactive nickel, but no weak, hydrogen-deficient, core-collapse
supernovae have hitherto been see. Now, SN 2008ha is reported to be a faint
hydrogen-poor supernova.
S. Valenti et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08023
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08023.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08023.html
Global circulation as the main source of cloud activity on
Titan pp678-682
Clouds on Titan result from the condensation of methane and ethane and, at
present, cloud activity mainly occurs in the southern hemisphere; general
circulation models predict that this distribution should change with the
seasons on a 15-year timescale. Now, global spatial cloud coverage on Titan
is reported to be in general agreement with the models.
Sebastien Rodriguez et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08014
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08014.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08014.html
Entangled mechanical oscillators pp683-685
Superposition and entanglement are hallmarks of quantum mechanics. One
system ubiquitous to nature where entanglement has not previously been shown
is distinct mechanical oscillators, such as springs or pendula. Here,
deterministic entanglement of separated mechanical
oscillators[mdash]consisting of the vibrational states of two pairs of
atomic ions held in different locations[mdash]is demonstrated.
J. D. Jost et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08006
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08006.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08006.html
Non-blinking semiconductor nanocrystals pp686-689
The usefulness of semiconductor nanocrystals is severely limited by the fact
that they 'blink': they turn on and off intermittently under continuous
excitation. Here, ternary core/shell CdZnSe/ZnSe nanocrystals are realized,
in which the transition between CdZnSe and ZnSe seems to be radially graded
rather than abrupt, and which show completely non-blinking behaviour and
strong photoluminescence.
Xiaoyong Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08072
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08072.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08072.html
The Gamburtsev mountains and the origin and early evolution of the Antarctic
Ice Sheet pp690-693
The nature of initial glaciation on Antarctica about 34 million years ago is
a mystery. Results from an intensive radar survey now show that the
Gamburtsev mountains at Dome A, at the centre of the present ice sheet, were
initially incised by rivers and then subsequently overdeepened by ice
movement; this is suggestive of topographical development before 34 million
years ago, when mean summer temperatures were about 3 [deg]C.
Sun Bo et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08024
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08024.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08024.html
Kinematic variables and water transport control the formation and location
of arc volcanoes pp694-697
The production of arc magmas at convergent plate margins is thought to
involve the mantle wedge overlying subducting slabs, as well as fluids or
melts from the subducting slab itself. However, the role of kinematic
variables, such as slab dip and convergence rate, remains an open question.
Here, a model is proposed to address how kinematic parameters of plate
subduction relate to the location of mantle wedge melting and the position
of arc volcanoes.
T. L. Grove et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08044
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08044.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08044.html
Parvalbumin neurons and gamma rhythms enhance cortical circuit
performance pp698-702
Interneurons defined by the fast-spiking phenotype and expression of the
calcium-binding protein parvalbumin are thought to be involved in gamma
oscillations. Here, optogenetic technology is used in mice to selectively
modulate parvalbumin interneurons in vivo, revealing that inhibition of
these interneurons suppresses gamma oscillations, whereas driving them is
sufficient to generate emergent gamma-frequency rhythmicity.
Vikaas S. Sohal, Feng Zhang, Ofer Yizhar and Karl Deisseroth
doi:10.1038/nature07991
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature07991.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature07991.html
Mechanism of differential control of NMDA receptor activity by NR2
subunits pp703-707
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors have different opening probabilities
and pharmacological profiles according to the type of NR2 subunit they
possess (NR2A to NR2D). The region formed by the NR2 amino-terminal domain,
and the short linker connecting this to the agonist-binding domain, are now
shown to be responsible for controlling the subunit-specific gating of NMDA
receptors.
Marc Gielen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07993
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature07993.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature07993.html
Directed transdifferentiation of mouse mesoderm to heart tissue by defined
factors pp708-711
The heart has little regenerative capacity after damage, so understanding
the factors required to produce new cardiac myocytes is of great interest.
The minimal requirements for transdifferentiation of mouse mesoderm to
cardiac myocytes are now defined, with implications for the reprogramming of
cardiomyocytes for regenerative purposes in the future.
Jun K. Takeuchi and Benoit G. Bruneau
doi:10.1038/nature08039
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08039.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08039.html
Frequent inactivation of A20 in B-cell lymphomas pp712-716
A20 is a negative regulator of the NF-[kappa]B pathway and has a pivotal
role in regulation of the immune response. Using a genome-wide analysis of
genetic lesions in B-cell lymphomas, A20 is shown to be a common genetic
target in B-lineage lymphomas, with uncontrolled NF-[kappa]B signalling
caused by loss of A20 function implicated in the pathogenesis of subsets of
these lymphomas.
Motohiro Kato et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07969
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature07969.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature07969.html
Mutations of multiple genes cause deregulation of NF-[kgr]B in diffuse large
B-cell lymphoma pp717-721
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of lymphoma in
adulthood. Here, mutations in multiple genes that regulate the NK-[kappa]B
pathway are shown to be present in DLBCL, with the most commonly affected
being the A20 gene, which encodes a ubiquitin-modifying enzyme involved in
termination of NK-[kappa]B responses.
Mara Compagno et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07968
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature07968.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature07968.html
F-box protein FBXO31 mediates cyclin D1 degradation to induce G1 arrest
after DNA damage pp722-725
Upon DNA damage, eukaryotic cells initiate the DNA damage response, a
complex signalling pathway which coordinates cell cycle arrest with DNA
repair. Using a genome-wide RNA interference screen, the human F-box protein
FBXO31 is shown to regulate the G1/S cell cycle transition in response to
DNA damage by mediating degradation of cyclin D1, an important regulator of
progression from G1 to S phase.
Manas K. Santra, Narendra Wajapeyee and Michael R. Green
doi:10.1038/nature08011
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08011.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08011.html
The structure of a cytolytic [agr]-helical toxin pore reveals its assembly
mechanism pp726-730
Pore-forming toxins are a class of potent virulence factors that convert
from a soluble form to a membrane-integrated pore. The bacterial toxin
cytolysin A is one such pore-forming toxin, and it is responsible for the
haemolytic phenotype of several Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica
strains. Here, the crystal structure of the assembled pore is reported, and
a sequential mechanism for its assembly proposed.
Marcus Mueller et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08026
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature08026.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature08026.html
Metamorphic enzyme assembly in polyketide diversification pp731-735
Co-evolution of enzymes for metabolic diversification is not well
understood, especially at the biochemical level. Here, the biosynthetic
pathways responsible for the synthesis of two natural products, curacin and
jamaicamide, are examined; several domains are characterized to help
determine how, although the two pathways have a high sequence identity, they
are responsible for the production of two such dramatically different
chemical motifs.
Liangcai Gu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07870
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/abs/nature07870.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7247/full/nature07870.html
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
03 June 2009
Uniparental expression of PolIV-dependent siRNAs in developing endosperm of
Arabidopsis
Rebecca A. Mosher et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08084
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08084.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08084.html
Enhancing CD8 T-cell memory by modulating fatty acid metabolism
Erika L. Pearce et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08097
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08097.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08097.html
T cells dampen innate immune responses through inhibition of NLRP1 and NLRP3
inflammasomes
Greta Guarda et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08100
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08100.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08100.html
A tissue-scale gradient of hydrogen peroxide mediates rapid wound detection
in zebrafish
Philipp Niethammer, Clemens Grabher, A. Thomas Look and Timothy J. Mitchison
doi:10.1038/nature08119
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08119.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08119.html
31 May 2009
Identification of the pollen self-incompatibility determinant in Papaver
rhoeas
Michael J. Wheeler et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08027
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08027.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08027.html
A histone H3 lysine 36 trimethyltransferase links Nkx2-5 to Wolf-Hirschhorn
syndrome
Keisuke Nimura et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08086
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08086.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08086.html
Genome-wide silencing in Drosophila captures conserved apoptotic effectors
Su Kit Chew et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08087
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08087.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08087.html
Giant tunnel electroresistance for non-destructive readout of ferroelectric
states
V. Garcia et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08128
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08128.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08128.html
Disease-corrected haematopoietic progenitors from Fanconi anaemia induced
pluripotent stem cells
Angel Raya et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08129
Abstract:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08129.html
Article:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature08129.html
环境科学之家（http://www.eschina.org.cn/）
| 《Nature》目录要览 — 2011-04-28出版 |
| 《Nature》目录要览：2011-01-20出版 |
| 《Nature》目录要览：2010-12-23出版 |
| 《Nature》目录要览：2010-12-16出版 |
| 《Nature》目录要览：2010-12-09出版 |
| 《Nature》目录要览：2010-12-02出版 |
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